Hunt-Shanks, Tiffany T./ Blanchard, Chris M./ Baker, Frank/ Hann, Danette/ Roberts, Cleora S./  McDonald, Jamie/ Livingston, Mary/ Witt, Cathy/ Ruiterman, Jane/ Ampela, Rosemarie/ Kaw, Okrae C. K. Exercise Use as Complementary Therapy Among Breast and Prostate Cancer Survivors Receiving Active Treatment: Examination of Exercise Intention. Integrative Cancer Therapies 2006, 5(2), 109-116.
Background: Exercise is associated with an improved quality of life among cancer survivors. Previous research has highlighted the utility of the theory of planned behavior in understanding cancer survivors’ intention to exercise. The purpose of this study was to extend the research on the theory of planned behavior in relation to exercise intention in breast cancer survivors and to provide preliminary evidence supporting its application with prostate cancer survivors during treatment.
Methods: Participants consisted of 126 breast and 82 prostate cancer survivors receiving active treatment. Participants completed self-administered, mail-in questionnaires that assessed demographic and medical variables, past exercise, and the theory of planned behavior.
Results: For breast cancer survivors, the results revealed that attitudes, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control explained 66% of the variance in exercise intention with the instrumental component of attitude, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control making significant unique contributions to intention. For prostate cancer survivors, attitudes, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control explained 57% of the variance in exercise intention, with subjective norm and perceived behavioral control making significant unique contributions to intention.
Conclusions: The results provide further support that the theory of planned behavior is a useful framework for understanding determinants of exercise intention in breast cancer survivors undergoing active treatment and preliminary support for prostate cancer survivors undergoing active treatment. When designing exercise interventions, differences in breast and prostate cancer survivors’ exercise intention merit consideration.

Hunt-Shanks, Tiffany T./ Blanchard, Chris M./ Baker, Frank/ Hann, Danette/  Roberts, Cleora S./ McDonald, Jamie/ Livingston, Mary/ Witt, Cathy/ Ruiterman, Jane/Ampela, Rosemarie/ Kaw, Okrae C. K.  Exercise Use as Complementary Therapy Among Breast and Prostate Cancer Survivors Receiving Active Treatment: Examination of Exercise Intention. Integrative Cancer Therapies 2006, 5(2), 115.
Background: Exercise is associated with an improved quality of life among cancer survivors. Previous research has highlighted the utility of the theory of planned behavior in understanding cancer survivors’ intention to exercise. The purpose of this study was to extend the research on the theory of planned behavior in relation to exercise intention in breast cancer survivors and to provide preliminary evidence supporting its application with prostate cancer survivors during treatment.
Methods: Participants consisted of 126 breast and 82 prostate cancer survivors receiving active treatment. Participants completed self-administered, mail-in questionnaires that assessed demographic and medical variables, past exercise, and the theory of planned behavior.
Results: For breast cancer survivors, the results revealed that attitudes, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control explained 66% of the variance in exercise intention with the instrumental component of attitude, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control making significant unique contributions to intention. For prostate cancer survivors, attitudes, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control explained 57% of the variance in exercise intention, with subjective norm and perceived behavioral control making significant unique contributions to intention.
Conclusions: The results provide further support that the theory of planned behavior is a useful framework for understanding determinants of exercise intention in breast cancer survivors undergoing active treatment and preliminary support for prostate cancer survivors undergoing active treatment. When designing exercise interventions, differences in breast and prostate cancer survivors’ exercise intention merit consideration.

Karatsolis, K./  Athanasopoulos, S. The role of exercise in the conservative treatment of the anterior shoulder dislocation. Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies 2006, 10, 211–219.
Summary Anterior shoulder dislocation is a common type of injury, which occurs relatively frequently both during sport and normal everyday activities. A shoulder dislocation is a displacement of the humeral head that causes injury to all capsuloligamentous structures. Consequently, the main clinical sign of shoulder dislocation is functional instability and rehabilitation therefore aims at enhancing the dynamic muscular and proprioceptive restraints to shoulder instability. Conservative treatment of the unstable shoulder has long been discussed emphasizing the importance of exercise. Therefore, the aim of this article is to present an effective exercise-based rehabilitation plan for the non-operative management of anterior shoulder dislocation, according to current knowledge and existing literature.

Liebenson, Craig. Exercises for anterior knee pain. Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies 2006, 10, 312–313.

Mansky, Patrick/ Sannes, Tim/ Wallerstedt, Dawn/ Ge, Adeline/ Ryan, Mary/ Johnson, Laura Lee/ Chesney, Margaret/ Gerber, Lynn. Tai Chi Chuan: Mind-Body Practice or Exercise Intervention? Studying the Benefit for Cancer Survivors. Integrative Cancer Therapies 2006, 5(3), 192-201.
Tai chi chuan (TCC) has been used as a mind-body practice in Asian culture for centuries to improve wellness and reduce stress and has recently received attention by researchers as an exercise intervention. A review of the English literature on research in TCC published from 1989 to 2006 identified 20 prospective, randomized, controlled clinical trials in a number of populations, including elderly participants (7 studies), patients with cardiovascular complications (3 studies), patients with chronic disease (6 studies), and patients who might gain psychological benefit from TCC practice (2 studies). However, only the studies of TCC in the elderly and 2 studies of TCC for cardiovascular disease had adequate designs and size to allow conclusions about the efficacy of TCC. Most (11 studies) were small and provided limited information on the benefit of TCC in the settings tested. There is growing awareness that cancer survivors represent a population with multiple needs related to physical deconditioning, cardiovascular disease risk, and psychological stress. TCC as an intervention may provide benefit to cancer survivors in these multiple areas of need based on its characteristics of combining aspects of meditation and aerobic exercise. However, little research has been conducted to date to determine the benefit of TCC in this population. We propose a model to study the unique characteristics of TCC compared to physical exercise that may highlight characteristic features of this mind-body intervention
in cancer survivors.

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